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Different Words for “Commentary”
I need clarification to understand when would we use each of these words:
| Tibetan | English | Example Usage |
|---|---|---|
| དགོངས་འགྲེལ། | Commentary, explanation, clarifying the intent | A commentary (དགོངས་འགྲེལ།) is generally understood to be that which explains the intent of the Buddha spoken in the Sutra. (H) |
| བསྟན་བཅོས། | Treatise, commentary, shastra | Because the Sutras of the Buddha were quite difficult to read, the learned masters composed many commentaries (བསྟན་བཅོས།). (H) |
Mnemonic for Connective Particle
This logic finally clicked and will definitely help me remember every time I have to write one:
Logic Behind It
In speech the three sound nearly alike, so the spelling has to come from the rule. A way to remember it:
Link to original
- ག་ ང་ are made in the same place as ག, so the particle stays plain: གི་.
- ན་ མ་ ར་ ལ་ are soft (nasals and liquids), so the particle is soft too: གྱི་.
- ད་ བ་ ས་ are hard stops, so the particle hardens: ཀྱི་.
- Open syllables just glue the particle on: འི་.
Two Spellings for Same Word Anki
For trustworthy we have two cards. Is it a typo in the Anki deck or not? Which spelling is the correct one?
- བློས་ཁེལ་པོ།
- བློས་འཁེལ་པོ།
To Make and To Be Full
Finally I have resolved the confusion between རྒྱག་ to make and བརྒྱགས་ to be full.
I made so by rendering all the tenses to see all at once and make sure the confusion of བརྒྱགས་ due to being similar to the present tense (རྒྱག་) blended with past tense (བརྒྱབ་) of the verb to make doesn’t happen again.
| Tense | To make | To be full |
|---|---|---|
| Present | རྒྱག་ | བརྒྱགས་ |
| Past | བརྒྱག་ | བརྒྱགས་ |
| Future | རྒྱག་ | བརྒྱགས་ |
Words for “Clear”
Previously I had learnt གསལ་པོ་ to say “clear”. I think I have to be careful in which context I use it. Because I think it is meant to be used on the context of having not clarity, having no difficulty in an undertaken process.
To use “clear” a a verb, that is, as to imply making it clean of any other elements, དྭགས་ seems to be used (verb form དྭགས་པ་ adjective དྲྭགས་མ་). It’s great to see that the verb to recover / get better (H) uses actually that same word.
ངར་གསལ་པོ་བཤད་ཡག་མེད།
གནམ་དྭངས་འདུག
ཁོང་གིས་གསོལ་སྨན་ཡག་པོ་མཆོད་ཙང་སྙུང་གཞི་དྭངས་སོང་།
subtle essence; juice, semen; essence, the pure part; chyle; clear; essence, the pure part. pure-essence. the elements in their refined state; essence; 1) juice, sap. 2) sperm 3) pure, refined
Checking the dictionary it reflects the idea of purity, clear substance… And then… semen. Maybe it’s the word used in tantra. Oh, this is going to be a long way…
ཞེ་ས་ Shadows Meaning
I don’t like using གནང་ in ཞེ་ས་ because if shadows the real meaning, forcing you to require more context to figure out the original verb. སྤྲོད་པ། གཏོང་བ། བྱེད་པ། and many more collapse into གནང་བ། That adds more arguments to my preference for not using respectful forms, since it also slows our speech. But on the other hand the person receiving the respect would feel more comfortable, so I will find a middle way.