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Based on…
We were trying to guess what animal our friend was thinking by asking questions. One question was if that animal spread diseases. To express that we could say (lit.) Based on me, disease spreads? where based on བརྟེན་ནས་ can be used:
ང་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་ན་ཚ་འགོས་ཀྱི་རེད་པས།
Mixing ཐུབ་ and ཤེས་
For physical abilities we don’t use ཤེས་ since it involves more the mental ability of knowing how to do it, as opposed to being physically able to do that action: འཆོངས་ཤེས་ཐུབ་ཀྱི་ཡོད་པས།
Repeat in Tibetan…
I said to one of the class mates to repeat the sentence in Tibetan བོད་སྐད་ནང་ལ་ཡང་བསྐྱར་གསུང་རོགས་གནང་། The ལ་དོན། is not used for that case, instead we would say བོད་སྐད་ཐོག་ནས།
To Overthink
When answering to the question about what differences exist between humans and animals I wanted to say that “We can think a lot” but with a negative connotation (we overthink, that brings us mental health problems). For that I wanted to use དྲགས་ something like ང་ཚོ་མང་དྲགས་བྱེད་ནས་བསམ་བློ་བཏང་ཐུབ་གི་ཡོད། but this is not correct because the (non-verb) དྲགས་ is not volitional… A more natural way would be to say བསམ་བློ་བཏང་ཡག་མང་དྲགས་གི་འདུག
-ness ཉིད་
I keep seeing ཉིད་ in many places and my SLC friend told me it can be used for nominalizing adjectives as in English -ness, e.g. སྙོན་པ་ → སྟོན་པ་ཉིད་ emptiness!
Confusion: Nosy and Patient
For some reason my brain decided to mix ཇུས་གཏོགས་ཚ་པོ། with བཟོས་པ་ཆེན་པོ།
Semantic Field Around Disease needs-teacher
Question 1: If you infected someone with Covid volitionally do you use “Covid འགོས་གཏང་པ་ཡིན་”?
Question 2: If you accidentally infected someone with Covid do you use “Covid འགོས་གཏང་སོང་” or “ང་ཁོང་ལ་ Covid འགོས་སོང་”, or something like this?
Question 3: How do you say I got sunburnt, is it ཉི་འོད་ཕོག་པ་ or that means to sunbathe?
Tibetan Semantic Area Around Illness
Semantic Field
- གནོད་པ། (damage, to hurt)
- གནོད་སྐྱེལ་བ། (to harm / to injure, intentionally)
- རྨས་སྐྱོན་པ། (to get hurt, to be injured, due to something that happened)
- ན་བ། (to be sick / ill)
- གདོང་ཐུག་རྒྱག་པ། (to have an collision accident)
- ཟུག་རྒྱག་པ། (to ache)
I collided with another person. I hurt him. Now he is in pain, probably will be sick.
ང་མི་གཞན་དག་མཉམ་དུ་གདོང་ཐུག་ཤུག་ཆེན་པོ་བརྒྱབས་སོང་། བྱས་ཙང་ངས་ཁོང་ལ་རྨས་སྐྱོན་ཆེན་པོ་བཟོས་པ་རེད། ཁོང་ཟུག་ཞེ་དྲག་རྒྱག་གི་འདུག ཕེལ་ཆེར་ཁོང་ན་ས་རེད། (ཕེལ་ཆེར་ = probably, similar to གཅིག་བྱས་ན་)
You are the one who hits You are the one who is hit རྨས་སྐྱོན་བཟོ་པ། རྨས་སྐྱོན་ཕོག་པ། ཕར་བརྡུང་པ། ཚུར་བརྡུང་པ། Covid
ཏོག་དབྱིབས་ན་ཚ་ (spiky shaped illness = Covid)
Getting Struck!
The other meaning is ཕོག་པ་ hit.
- རྡོ་ཕོག་པ། (hit by stone), ནད་ཕོག་པ་ (hit by disease, but not literally, it’s more like verbalizer case).
- ཟས་དུག་ཕོག་པ་ (to get food poisoned, ཟས་དུག་ན་བ་ would be the other way of saying it),
- ཉི་འོད་ཕོག་པ་ (getting exposed to the sun, literally would mean getting hit by sun light)
- ཆམ་པ་ཕོག་པ་ (got hit by common cold, but commonly you would say ་ཆམ་པ་ན་སོང་)
Infecting Volitionally
If you infected someone with Covid volitionally, it’s not འགོས་གཏང་པ་ཡིན། , it’s just ངའི་ Covid ཁྱེད་ལ་ཡང་འགོས་སོང་། or འགོས་འདུག.
Link to original
Two Words for Nurse
We are told, when in the hospital there’s not a lot of difference when choosing one above the other; that they are quite similar.
སྨན་ཞབས་ refers more to the job, with the associated corresponding qualification: the assistant of the doctor.
ནད་གཡོག་ is more the role assumed! So even your friends can be your ནད་གཡོག་ if they are assuming the role at home.
When did you start having interest
I thought that we would use ག་དུས་ in combination with དོ་སྣང་ and a verb arise like སྐྱེས་ or བྱུང་ but it turned out to be way more simple than this, as it usually happens when I am freestyling Tibetan:
བོད་སྨན་ལ་ག་དུས་ནས་དོ་སྣང་ཡོད།
From when ག་དུས་ནས་ seems the most suitable choice.
Hurting needs ལ་དོན་
I asked a question about what ཁབ་རྒྱག་པ་ really is… Without context it can be to inject or to receive injection. In English the verb usually tells you the directionality of the action, but in Tibetan you need to sprinkle some particles: As my friend Eloi told me, verbs, when there are various objects around, will need either the agentive particle or a ལ་དོན།
In the case of ཁབ་རྒྱག་ you can use ལ་དོན་ to know who is receiving it:
(ངས་) ང་ལ་ཁབ་རྒྱག་པ་ཡིན།
I put myself an injection
Honorific in Rule of Anticipation
Do we also have to anticipate whether they will use ཞེ་ས་ or not?
Answer: We can say both འདི་གསུང་པ་ཡིན་པས། and འདི་ལབ་པ་ཡིན་པས།
Beauty and Beautiful
མཛེས་མ་ is the adjective for female nouns beautiful
མཛེས་པོ་ is the quality of being beautiful, therefore beauty
Attend and Rely
I thought I could use བསྟེན་ as to attend in all contexts, but… not!
དགེ་རྒན་བསྟེན་པ་ཟེར་ན། Rely upon teacher.
ང་འཛིན་གྲྭ་ལ་བསྟེན་གྱི་ཡིན། I will attend class.